Calendar Description
The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar used throughout the Arabic and Muslim areas.
Use Case
This arithmetical version is commonly used for planning purposes and where details of the calendar being used is unknown.
Definition
| Record | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| year | month | day | wsday |
| Month Names | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Name | Days | ||
| Full | Abrev. | |||
| 1 | Muḥarram | Muharram | 30 | |
| 2 | Ṣafar | Safar | 29 | |
| 3 | Rabī‘ al-Awwal | Rabi' I | 30 | |
| 4 | Rabī‘ al-Ākhir | Rabi' II | 29 | |
| 5 | Jumādá al-Ūlá | Jumada I | 30 | |
| 6 | Jumādá al-Ākhira | Jumada II | 29 | |
| 7 | Rajab | Rajab | 30 | |
| 8 | Sha‘bān | Sha'aban | 29 | |
| 9 | Ramaḍān | Ramadan | 30 | |
| 10 | Shawwāl | Shawwal | 29 | |
| 11 | Dhū al-Qa‘dah | Dhu al-Qi'dah | 30 | |
| 12 | Dhū al-Ḥijjah | Dhu al-Hijjah | 29 | 30 in a leap year |
| Week Names | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number | Name | |
| Full | Abrev. | |
| 1 | Yawm al-Aḥad | Ahad |
| 2 | Yawm al-Ithnayn | Ithn |
| 3 | Yawm ath-Thulāthāʼ | Thal |
| 4 | Yawm al-Arbi‘ā’ | Arda |
| 5 | Yawm al-Khamīs | Kham |
| 6 | Yawm al-Jumu‘ah | Jumu |
| 7 | Yawm as-Sabt | Sabt |
The year consists of twelve lunar months which in a common year alternate between of 30 and 29 days. In a leap year, the 12th month has 30 days instead of the usual 29. A common year has 354 days and a leap year 355 days.
Leap years occur on a 30 year cycle in years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26 and 29.
The Epoch is set at the civil epoch, which is:-
=
=
.
| i | year | month | day |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| j | year | month | day |
|---|---|---|---|
| 622 | 7 | 16 |
| jdn | day |
|---|---|
| 1948440 |
Script
| Default Script |
|---|
| lexicon im { name "Month names"; fieldname month; lang en; pseudo Month, Mon; tokens { 1, "Muḥarram", "Muharram"; 2, "Ṣafar", "Safar"; 3, "Rabī‘ al-Awwal", "Rabi' I"; 4, "Rabī‘ al-Ākhir", "Rabi' II"; 5, "Jumādá al-Ūlá", "Jumada I"; 6, "Jumādá al-Ākhira", "Jumada II"; 7, "Rajab"; 8, "Sha‘bān", "Sha'aban"; 9, "Ramaḍān", "Ramadan"; 10, "Shawwāl", "Shawwal"; 11, "Dhū al-Qa‘dah", "Dhu al-Qi'dah"; 12, "Dhū al-Ḥijjah", "Dhu al-Hijjah"; } } lexicon iw { name "Weekday names"; fieldname wsday; // Note: Days are numbered from Sunday, unlike "wday". lang en; pseudo Weekday, WDay; tokens { 1, "Yawm al-Aḥad", "Ahad"; // Sunday 2, "Yawm al-Ithnayn", "Ithn"; // Monday 3, "Yawm ath-Thulāthāʼ", "Thul"; // Tuesday 4, "Yawm al-Arbi‘ā’", "Arbi"; // Wednesday 5, "Yawm al-Khamīs", "Kham"; // Thursday 6, "Yawm al-Jumu‘ah", "Jumu"; // Friday 7, "Yawm as-Sabt", "Sabt"; // Saturday } } grammar i { optional wsday; lexicons im, iw; alias field { WDay, wsday; Day, day; Month, month; Year, year; } alias pseudo { w, WDay; dd, Day; mm, Month; yyyy, Year; } alias unit { d, day; m, month; y, year; w, week; } format dmy, "(Day) |(Month:im) |(Year)"; format "dmy.a", "(Day) |(Month:im:a) |(Year)"; format "dmy.d", "(Day) |(Month) |(Year)"; format wdmy, "(WDay:iw) |(Day) |(Month:im) |(Year)"; format "wdmy.a", "(WDay:iw:a) |(Day) |(Month:im:a) |(Year)"; format ymd, "(Year)|,(Month:im:a)|,(Day)"; pref dmy; } scheme i { name "Islamic Tabular"; base islamic IIc; grammar i; } |
Note, the use of optional field "wsday" in which the week starts on Sunday (day 1).
